Stroke is a serious condition where brain blood vessels are blocked or ruptured, causing brain damage, and early detection and treatment are directly linked to survival. This article details stroke symptoms, causes, emergency response, prevention methods, and government support systems based on official sources, helping readers gain accurate information and respond effectively.
Definition and Types of Stroke
Stroke occurs when blood supply to the brain is interrupted or excessive bleeding damages brain cells. It is primarily divided into ischemic stroke (cerebral infarction, accounting for over 80% due to vessel blockage) and hemorrhagic stroke (cerebral hemorrhage due to vessel rupture).
Ischemic stroke results from blood clots or emboli blocking vessels, while hemorrhagic stroke is caused by high blood pressure and other factors leading to vessel rupture. In Korea, patients over 60 account for more than 80% of cases, with a mortality rate of about 11.5% in those over 65.
This disease often leaves aftereffects once it occurs, making initial response critical.
Main Symptoms of Stroke
Stroke symptoms appear suddenly and can be checked using the ‘FAST’ criteria: F (Face: drooping of one side of the mouth), A (Arm: weakness in one arm), S (Speech: speech impairment), T (Time: call 119 immediately).
- Paralysis or sensory loss in one limb
- Language disorder, slurred speech, tongue deviation
- Visual impairment, double vision, severe headache
- Balance disorder, dizziness, decreased consciousness
These symptoms require treatment within the golden hour of 3 hours after onset to minimize aftereffects. If symptoms develop gradually, it may not be a stroke, but seek immediate medical attention if suspected.
Causes and Risk Factors of Stroke
The main causes of stroke are high blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation. Age, smoking, drinking, obesity, and lack of exercise also increase risk.
High blood pressure increases stroke risk by 2-4 times, and maintaining normal blood pressure can prevent up to 40%. Managing these factors can reduce incidence risk by 90%.
Genetic factors or family history cannot be controlled, but lifestyle improvements can help cope.
Among stroke risk factors, high blood pressure is the most critical, causing vascular damage, so regular blood pressure monitoring and medication are necessary for management. Diabetes and hyperlipidemia promote arteriosclerosis, requiring blood sugar and lipid tests along with dietary therapy. Smoking and drinking cause vascular constriction and inflammation, making smoking cessation and moderation essential. Obesity and lack of exercise increase overall risk by 2.7 times, so 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week is recommended. It is necessary to check the latest standards as these management methods may change with policy updates.
Emergency Response and Treatment Process
If stroke is suspected, do not attempt home treatment; call 119 immediately. Keep the patient lying down with the head elevated 30 degrees, and prohibit food or medication.
Treatment focuses on reperfusion therapy (clot removal) within 3 hours of onset, with some cases extended to 24 hours. For hemorrhagic cases, blood pressure control and surgery are performed.
Early intensive rehabilitation therapy is effective in improving disability grades and reducing caregiving costs.
Government Support Systems
Stroke patients may have their copayment reduced to 5% (up to 30 days) through the National Health Insurance special calculation for severe diseases. Specific criteria (surgery performed, NIHSS score 5 or higher, etc.) must be met, and it may vary by region and year.
- Emergency welfare medical support: up to 3 million KRW, for those below 75% of median income
- Catastrophic medical expense support: National Health Insurance Service
- Long-term care insurance: rehabilitation services
These systems may change with policy updates, so confirmation with official institutions is essential.
Stroke Prevention Methods
The Korean Stroke Society’s 5 practice guidelines include risk factor control, regular exercise, and balanced diet. Smoking cessation, moderation, and blood pressure management are key.
- Daily blood pressure measurement
- Low-salt, low-fat diet
- Walking 30 minutes, 5 times a week
Prevention can reduce 90% of occurrences, but it may vary by individual.
Stroke Frequently Asked Questions
Is it okay if stroke symptoms disappear?
It could be a transient ischemic attack (TIA), but recurrence risk is high, so seek immediate medical attention. Delay can lead to permanent damage.
How long does rehabilitation take after stroke?
It varies from months to years depending on individual condition; early intensive rehabilitation is effective. Support may vary by policy.
Can stroke occur without high blood pressure?
Yes, it can occur due to other factors like diabetes or smoking. Comprehensive management is necessary.
What is prevention if there is stroke family history?
Thorough risk factor management and regular checkups. Lifestyle improvement is important beyond genetic factors.
Essential Checks Before Applying for Stroke Support
Before receiving stroke-related support, confirm the latest information on official government or public institution websites.
- Income criteria for self and family (below 75% median income, etc.)
- Special calculation application criteria (surgery status, NIHSS score, etc., varies by year)
- Support period and limits (up to 30 days, 3 million KRW, etc.)
- Application methods and required documents (diagnosis certificate, income proof)
- Disability registration or long-term care grade criteria
These matters may change with policy revisions, so please inquire directly with the relevant public institutions.
Next Steps When Stroke Occurs
If stroke symptoms are suspected or there is family history, undergo regular health checkups. In case of symptoms, call 119 and head to the nearest emergency medical institution.
When using support systems, check the latest eligibility criteria and application procedures through official announcements, and consult local public health centers or public institutions if needed. Protect your health through early response.